Description

Theory/Practice
1

Laboratory
2

Instructors

Ana Raposo João

Contents

PC1. Introduction (6h): System (closed, open), boundary, surroundings; Energy; State properties; Pressure; Hydrostatics and manometry; Temperature; State postulate; Processes and cycles
PC2. Properties of pure substance (10h): Phases of matter; Gases: ideal gas eq., compressibility factor, specific heats; Water and other pure substances: phase change, T-v and P-v graphs, tables
PC3. Conservation laws (9h): Mass conservation; Flow rates; W, Q; h, s; 1st law of thermodynamics for closed and open systems (steady and uniform regimes)
PC4. 2nd law of thermodynamics and entropy (7.5h): Cycles: heat engines, refrigeration machines, and heat pumps; Statements; Reversible and irreversible processes; Carnot cycles and isentropic efficiency; Entropy
PC5. Bernoulli eq. (5h): conditions of applicability; Applications
CP6. Viscous flows in ducts (7.5h): energy eq.; pressure losses; Re; laminar and turbulent regimes; velocity and shear stress profiles; f; Moody diagram; localized losses

Learning Outcomes

After the frequency with approval of this course unit, the student should be able to:
P1: identify the physical meaning of fluid properties (density, kinematic and dynamic viscosities, capillarity, ?) and characteristics of flows (shear stress, deformation rate, boundary layer);
P2: determine and relate state properties, by use of tables, diagrams and equations of state, for different substances (air and other ideal gases, water vapor and other pure substances);
P3: accomplish mass and energy balances through the application of the 1st law of thermodynamics to closed systems and open systems, to steady state processes;
P4: understand the concepts of heat engine, refrigerator and heat pump, and being able to determine their thermal and isentropic efficiency;
P5: Relate entropy to the concept of reversibility and the quality of energy transfer;
P6: perceive the behavior of static and flowing fluids (viscous and non-viscous);
P7: determine static, dynamic and stagnation pressures;
P8: determine required pump and/or fan powers in simple piping systems.